Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular health.
Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular health.
👥 作者
Piepoli Massimo
(Department of Biomedical Science for Health)
Weidinger Franz
(University of Milan)
Aboyans Victor
(Milan)
Abreu Ana
(Italy.; 2nd Department of Medicine with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine)
Andersen Zorana Jovanovic
(Klink Landstrasse)
Baneras Jordi
(Vienna Healthcare Group)
Carugno Michele
(Vienna)
Cerbai Elisabetta
(Austria.; Department of Cardiology)
Castelvecchio Serenella
(Dupuytren-2)
Daiber Andreas
(University Hospital)
Forastiere Francesco
(Limoges)
Gevaert Sofie
(France.; Centro de Reabilitação Cardiovascular)
Guida Gianluigi
(Serviço Cardiologia)
Hahad Omar
(Hospital S. Maria)
Hoffmann Barbara
(Instituto Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) and Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública (IMPSP))
Kuzma Lukasz
(Faculdade Medicina Universidade Lisboa)
Lelieveld Jos
(Lisbon)
Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
(Portugal.; Department of Public Health)
Montgomery Hugh
(University of Copenhagen)
Newby David E
(Copenhagen)
Nieuwenhuijsen Mark
(Denmark.; Cardiology Department)
Papadakis Michael
(Hospital Universitari Vall Hebron; Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca)
Parati Gianfranco
(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Renzi Matteo
(CIBER-CV)
Röösli Martin
(Barcelona)
Schnabel Renate B
(Spain.; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health)
van Laake Linda W
(University of Milan)
Van Linthout Sophie
(Milan)
Sørensen Mette
(Italy.; Department Neurofarba)
Stafoggia Massimo
(Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology)
Traykov Vassil
(University of Florence)
Vaartjes Ilonca
(Florence)
Lüscher Thomas
(Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Gender Medicine)
Miller Mark R
(IRCCS Policlinico San Donato)
Münzel Thomas
(San Donato Milanese)
📝 摘要
Environmental risk factors-air pollution, noise, heat, chemical contamination, and light pollution-are increasingly recognized as key contributors to cardiovascular disease but remain underrepresented in clinical guidelines and public health strategies. This comprehensive review, developed under the auspices of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), synthesizes current evidence on the cardiovascular consequences of environmental exposures. Building on prior ESC recommendations on air pollution, the consensus statement extends the focus to include climate change, urban heat islands, chemical pollutants, noise, and light pollution, highlighting their shared pathophysiological mechanisms: oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and circadian disruption. Epidemiological and experimental studies confirm that these exposures exacerbate the incidence of coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension-even at levels below existing regulatory thresholds. It is proposed the exposome framework as a conceptual tool to understand the cumulative lifetime impact of environmental hazards on cardiovascular health. Special attention is given to vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. The document outlines urgent research needs, such as the need for high-resolution exposure data, exploration of gene-environment interactions and molecular pathways, and the development of real-world and mechanistic studies assessing interventions. Mitigation strategies are discussed across individual, clinical, and policy levels, with a call for heart-healthy urban design, stricter emissions legislation, and equitable access to clean environments. Cardiologists are uniquely positioned to advocate for environmental cardiovascular health, bridging the gap between science, clinical care, and policy. This statement aims to accelerate that translation by raising awareness and promoting action across disciplines.