Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease.
E, C.D., C, L., JC, E., A, T., JM, T.A., O, I., R, B., JE, C.A., N, Á.V., & LM, A.G. (2026). Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease.. British journal of biomedical science. https://doi.org/10.3389/bjbs.2026.16540
E CD, C L, JC E, A T, JM TA, O I, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease.. British journal of biomedical science. 2026; doi: 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16540
E CD, C L, JC E, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease.[J]. British journal of biomedical science. 2026. DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16540.
@article{e2026,
author = {Chan-Delgado E and Lerma C and Echeverría JC and Toledo A and Torres-Arellano JM and Infante O and Bojalil R and Cossío-Aranda JE and Ávila-Vanzzini N and Amezcua-Guerra LM},
title = {Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease.},
journal = {British journal of biomedical science},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3389/bjbs.2026.16540},
note = {PMID: 42211243},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Chan-Delgado E AU - Lerma C AU - Echeverría JC AU - Toledo A AU - Torres-Arellano JM AU - Infante O AU - Bojalil R AU - Cossío-Aranda JE AU - Ávila-Vanzzini N AU - Amezcua-Guerra LM TI - Matrix metalloproteinase activation and TNF upregulation characterize the sclerotic phase of aortic valve disease. T2 - British journal of biomedical science PY - 2026 DO - 10.3389/bjbs.2026.16540 AN - PMID:42211243 ER -
INTRODUCTION: Aortic valve sclerosis (AVSc) is an active pathological process driven by extracellular matrix remodeling, consistent with a potentially reversible early stage of aortic valve disease. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 168 participants (29, normal aortic valve [NAV]; 98, AVSc; 41, aortic stenosis [AS]), serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and -9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were measured. Multivariable adjustments were performed. RESULTS: Compared with AS, AVSc was associated with higher circulating MMP-9 levels, with MMP-9 also increased relative to NAV. TIMP-1 concentrations were reduced in AVSc compared with both AS and NAV. TNF levels were higher in AVSc than in AS, while IL-6 and TGF-β did not differ among groups. Notably, MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was markedly increased in AVSc. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that AVSc may exhibit an active proteolytic and inflammatory profile amenable to targeted anti-inflammatory and anti-proteolytic interventions.