Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has reshaped atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation landscape, yet the relative advantages and limitations of currently available catheter ablation energy modalities-radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoballoon ablation (CBA), laserballoon ablation (LBA), PFA, and lattice-tip dual-energy (LTD) ablation-remain incompletely understood.