OBJECTIVES: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by high prevalence, high mortality, and high readmission rates. Optimized combination pharmacotherapy is the main approach to controlling clinical symptoms and reducing mortality and readmission rates. Ensuring medication safety is a top priority in disease management for patients with CHF, and adequate medication literacy is essential for medication safety. At present, there is a lack of disease-specific tools for assessing medication literacy in patients with CHF. This study aims to develop a Medication Literacy Scale for patients with CHF and to test its reliability and validity, thereby providing a reference for medication use in patients with CHF. METHODS: An initial item pool was established through literature analysis and group discussion. Items were optimized using qualitative methods, including Delphi expert consultation and cognitive interviews, and quantitative methods, including item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was then evaluated using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20), split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed in terms of content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. RESULTS: The Medication Literacy Scale for patients with CHF consisted of 4 dimensions and 13 items, including 4 items for functional literacy and 3 items each for communicative literacy, critical literacy, and numeracy. A dichotomous scoring method was used, with a total score of 13; higher scores indicated higher levels of medication literacy among patients with CHF. The KR-20 coefficient of the total scale was 0.794, the split-half reliability was 0.701, and the test-retest reliability was 0.842. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.90 to 1.00, the scale-level content validity index was 0.92, and the criterion-related validity coefficient was 0.739. The chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio was 1.472, the root mean square residual was 0.009, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.049, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.942, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.908, and both the comparative fit index and incremental fit index approached 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: The Medication Literacy Scale for patients with CHF has a scientific theoretical basis, a standardized development process, and good reliability and validity. It can be used to assess medication literacy in patients with CHF. Clinical practitioners may use this scale to evaluate the overall level of medication literacy and the levels of each dimension among patients with CHF, thereby providing targeted medication guidance and ensuring medication safety in this population. 目的: 慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure，CHF)具有患病率高、病死率高和再入院率高的特点，优化的药物联合治疗是控制其临床症状，降低病死率及再入院率的主要方式，确保用药安全是CHF患者疾病管理的重中之重，具备良好的药物素养是确保用药安全的关键。目前缺乏评估CHF患者药物素养的特异性工具，本文旨在编制CHF患者药物素养评估量表并进行信效度检验，为CHF患者的用药提供参考。方法: 通过文献分析和小组讨论建立初始条目池，通过定性方法(德尔菲专家函询和认知性访谈)和定量方法(项目分析和探索性因子分析)优化条目，再进行信度[库德-理查森公式20(Kuder-Richardson formula 20，KR-20)、折半信度和重测信度]和效度(内容效度、校标关联效度和结构效度)检验。结果: CHF患者药物素养评估量表共4个维度，13个条目，分别是功能性素养4个条目，沟通素养、评判性素养和计算能力各3个条目，采用二分类计分，总分为13，分数越高代表CHF患者药物素养水平越高。总量表KR-20为0.794，分半信度为0.701，重测信度为0.842，条目水平的内容效度为0.90~1.00，量表水平的内容效度为0.92，校标关联效度为0.739，卡方自由度比为1.472，均方根残差为0.009，近似误差均方根为0.049，拟合优度指数为0.942，调整后拟合优度指数为0.908，比较拟合指数、增值拟合指数均接近0.9。结论: CHF患者药物素养评估量表理论依据科学、编制过程规范、信效度良好，可用于评估CHF患者的药物素养。临床工作者可使用该量表评估CHF患者药物素养的总体水平及各维度水平，进而进行针对性的用药指导，确保CHF患者的用药安全。.