Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023).
EU, S., A, I., M, K., SR, A., MH, A., T, A., M, W., M, K., ES, M., & MA, H. (2026). Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023).. Clinical cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.70425
EU S, A I, M K, SR A, MH A, T A, et al. Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023).. Clinical cardiology. 2026; doi: 10.1002/clc.70425
EU S, A I, M K, et al. Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023).[J]. Clinical cardiology. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/clc.70425.
@article{eu2026,
author = {Sajid EU and Irfan A and Kashan M and Ahmed SR and Azeem MH and Ali T and Waqar M and Khan M and Malik ES and Haque MA},
title = {Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023).},
journal = {Clinical cardiology},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1002/clc.70425},
note = {PMID: 42507675},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Sajid EU AU - Irfan A AU - Kashan M AU - Ahmed SR AU - Azeem MH AU - Ali T AU - Waqar M AU - Khan M AU - Malik ES AU - Haque MA TI - Mortality Trend in Patients With Heart Failure and Psychoactive Substance Abuse in the United States-Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Perspective (1999-2023). T2 - Clinical cardiology PY - 2026 DO - 10.1002/clc.70425 AN - PMID:42507675 ER -
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates national trends in heart failure (HF) and psychoactive substance abuse-related mortality among adults aged 25 years and older in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2023, stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, geographic regions, and the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: Data from 1999 to 2023 were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated using Joinpoint regression. ICD-10 codes I50, I50.1, I50.9 (Heart Failure), and F10-19 (Psychoactive Substance Use) were used to identify the conditions. RESULTS: A total of 771 739 deaths were recorded from 1999 to 2023 among individuals aged 25 and older. Most deaths occurred in medical facilities (39.24%), followed by decedents' homes (34.14%), long-term care facilities (16.30%), hospice (6.65%), and other settings (3.67%). The AAMR increased markedly from 1.68 in 1999 to 20.7 in 2023 (AAPC of 12.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.97-14.26). A substantial increase was observed from 1999 to 2005 (APC: 38.5%, 95% CI: 29.1-55.8), followed by a slower increase until 2020 (APC: 5.68%, 95% CI: 5.02-14.8). Men showed consistently higher AAMRs than females (18.8 vs. 8.65). By age group, mortality was highest among individuals aged 65 years and older. CONCLUSION: Using CDC WONDER data (1999-2023), we found a sharp rise in HF mortality linked to psychoactive substance abuse, from 1.68 to 20.7 per 100 000. Mortality burden was highest among males, older adults, non-Hispanic White individuals, and rural populations, highlighting widening demographic and geographic disparities.