Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.
AL, W., S, S., & R, K. (2026). Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccep.2026.06.009
AL W, S S, R K. Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics. 2026; doi: 10.1016/j.ccep.2026.06.009
AL W, S S, R K. Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.[J]. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2026.06.009.
@article{al2026,
author = {Wallner AL and Savona S and Kahwash R},
title = {Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review.},
journal = {Cardiac electrophysiology clinics},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccep.2026.06.009},
note = {PMID: 42580796},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Wallner AL AU - Savona S AU - Kahwash R TI - Cardiac Contractility Modulation: Implications in Heart Failure, a Current Review. T2 - Cardiac electrophysiology clinics PY - 2026 DO - 10.1016/j.ccep.2026.06.009 AN - PMID:42580796 ER -
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a novel therapeutic approach for heart failure patients, which utilizes nonexcitatory electrical myocardial stimulation in the absolute refractory period of the cardiac cycle. This stimulation has been shown to increase contractility, leading to improved heart failure symptoms, functional status, and quality of life. CCM is FDA approved for heart failure patients with an LVEF between 25% and 45% who remained symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy and not candidate of cardiac resynchronization therapy. CCM offers expanded treatment options for heart failure patients who have continued symptoms while on optimal medical therapy.