Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.
O, H., J, H., BJ, B., A, A.J., B, R., MW, M., CA, S.M., N, R., M, R., & KM, H. (2026). Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18050510
O H, J H, BJ B, A AJ, B R, MW M, et al. Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.. Viruses. 2026; doi: 10.3390/v18050510
O H, J H, BJ B, et al. Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.[J]. Viruses. 2026. DOI: 10.3390/v18050510.
@article{o2026,
author = {Hozayen O and Hozayen J and Behers BJ and Abu Jad A and Roumia B and Miller MW and Stephenson-Moe CA and Riveros N and Rosario M and Hamad KM},
title = {Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.},
journal = {Viruses},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.3390/v18050510},
note = {PMID: 42198713},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Hozayen O AU - Hozayen J AU - Behers BJ AU - Abu Jad A AU - Roumia B AU - Miller MW AU - Stephenson-Moe CA AU - Riveros N AU - Rosario M AU - Hamad KM TI - Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports. T2 - Viruses PY - 2026 DO - 10.3390/v18050510 AN - PMID:42198713 ER -
HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV, contributing to heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Despite its clinical importance, its individual-patient clinical spectrum has not been systematically synthesized. We conducted a systematic review of published English-language case reports and small case series describing cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected individuals. Etiologies were classified using a framework distinguishing cardiomyopathy arising from uncontrolled HIV from that occurring despite virologic control. Stratified analyses examined temporal trends and geographic differences. We identified 99 patients (75 male, 20 female, 4 unspecified) from 27 countries (80% high-income). Median age was 35 years (IQR 28-45). Among 52 patients with CD4 data, median was 154 cells/µL (IQR 84-391); 52% had CD4 < 200. Systolic dysfunction was present in 94% with echocardiographic data. Uncontrolled HIV phenotypes predominated (64%), but controlled phenotypes (21%)-including drug-induced cardiomyopathy (n = 19, predominantly zidovudine-associated) and autoimmune or inflammatory mechanisms (n = 13)-were substantial. Mortality declined across eras: 65% pre-ART, 32% early ART, 21% modern ART. Recovery occurred in 58%. HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is heterogeneous with improving outcomes across treatment eras. Systematic etiologic evaluation is warranted in all affected patients. The near absence of data from sub-Saharan Africa represents a critical gap.