Analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic renal failure in Mosul City, Iraq.

摘要

AIM: To assess demographic and clinical determinants of CKD among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Mosul, Iraq. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a public dialysis centre in Mosul between January and April 2024. A total of 89 patients with confirmed CKD were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were obtained through structured interviews and medical records, including demographic characteristics, etiological factors, CKD stage based on KDIGO criteria, and biochemical indicators (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen). Associations between CKD stage and demographic or clinical variables were assessed using chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent predictors of advanced CKD (stages 4-5), with results expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus (27 %) and hypertension (23.6 %) were the leading aetiologies. End-stage kidney disease (ESRD) represented 48.3 % of cases. Male prevalence increased across CKD stages, from 44.4% in mild to 67.4% in ESRD (p = 0.031). Mean creatinine rose from 1.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL in mild CKD to 8.5 ± 2.3 mg/dL in ESRD, with corresponding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increases from 22.5 ± 5.2 to 89.6 ± 15.1 mg/dL. Overall, 71.9% presented in severe or ESRD stages, reflecting late diagnosis. Multivariate analysis confirmed male sex as an independent predictor of advanced CKD (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.05-4.36; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: CKD in Mosul is characterized by late-stage presentation and predominance of metabolic aetiologies. Male sex emerged as an independent predictor of advanced CKD. These findings highlight the need for targeted screening, earlier detection, and improved nephrology services in post-conflict communities.